OH and myself had a holiday in Marrakech over the winter. We came across a lot of craftsmen using a hand-powered lathe as in the picture:
The spindle is driven by a bow, powered by the operator's right hand. His right foot holds the tool onto the rest, and the tool is controlled by his left hand. Much simpler to construct than a pole lathe, and smaller. The guy in the picture was turning out some lovely pieces. The younger guy looking on was his son / apprentice.